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Sains
Malaysiana 54(8)(2025): 1901-1912
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5408-03
Inhibitory Effect of Trichoderma spp. Causing Green Mold
Disease on the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus
pulmonarius and Pleurotus floridanus
(Kesan Perencatan terhadap
Pertumbuhan Trichoderma spp. yang Menyebabkan
Penyakit Kulat Hijau pada Pleurotus pulmonarius dan Pleurotus
floridanus)
SHAN WAN SWAN1,2, FASEHAH MOHD MULANA1,2, JAYA SEELAN SATHIYA SEELAN1,3 & TAN YEE SHIN1,2,*
1Mushroom Research
Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
2Institute of Biological
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
3Institute for Tropical
Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan
UMS 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
13 Ogos 2024/Diterima: 3 Jun 2025
ABSTRACT
The popular cultivated edible oyster mushrooms in Malaysia, Pleurotus pulmonarius(grey oyster mushroom) and Pleurotus floridanus(white oyster mushroom), are susceptible to green mold disease caused by Trichoderma spp. The decline of the quality and
yield production of the mushrooms up to 100% has been frequently observed due
to infection by Trichoderma. The
objective of this study was to investigate the competitive inhibition of Trichoderma spp. isolated from the farm with Pleurotus spp. Nine strains of Trichoderma were cultured in vitro with Pleurotus on potato dextrose agar and the radial growth as well as
mycelial diameter growth were recorded. The direct plate assay results showed
that T. koningiopsisand T. harzianumwere
the most pathogenic strains against P. pulmonarius and P. floridanus by overgrowing and replacing the mycelia,
respectively, due to space competition and nutrient suppression. The bi-plate
Petri dish approach for assessing contactless inhibition of Trichoderma spp. against Pleurotus spp. demonstrated that T. asperellum, T. ghanense, and T. koningiopsiswere able to cross over the partition and inhibit P. pulmonariusmycelium. Meanwhile, inverted plate assay demonstrated that T. ghanense and T. reeseiinhibited P. pulmonarius mycelia, respectively, indicating contactless inhibition of Pleurotus by Trichoderma. When tested with P. floridanus, only T. ghanensedemonstrated
inhibition in bi-plate Petri dish method and inverted plate assay. In summary, all nine Trichoderma spp. suppressed Pleurotus growth in varying degrees. Thus, besides
competing with mushroom mycelia for nutrients and space, Trichoderma sp.
could also release volatile organic compounds that act without direct contact.
Keywords: Green mold; inhibition; mushroom; pathogenic
ABSTRAK Cendawan Pleurotus pulmonarius (Tiram kelabu) dan Pleurotus floridanus (Tiram putih) adalah cendawan yang
paling digemari sebagai makanan dan ditanam di Malaysia, tetapi sering terdedah kepada penyakit kulat hijau yang
disebabkan oleh Trichoderma spp. Jangkitan
oleh Trichoderma sp. ini biasanya mengakibatkan kemerosotan kualiti dan
hasil cendawan sehingga 100%. Objektif utama penyelidikan ini adalah untuk mengkaji
kesan perencatan secara kompetitif oleh Trichoderma spp. yang dipencilkan daripada ladang dengan Pleurotus spp. Sembilan strain Trichoderma dikulturkan secara in
vitro dengan Pleurotus pada agar
kentang dektrosa sebelum pertumbuhan radial serta jarak jejari miselia diukur.
Keputusan ujian plat langsung menunjukkan bahawa T. koningiopsis dan T. harzianum masing-masing adalah strain yang
paling patogen terhadap P.
pulmonarius dan P. floridanus dengan pertindihan pertumbuhan
miselia berlebihan disebabkan oleh persaingan ruang dan kekurangan nutrien. Bagi ujian dwi-piring petri pula, penilaian adalah
berdasarkan kesan perencatan tanpa sentuhan oleh Trichoderma spp.
terhadap Pleurotus spp. dengan T.
asperellum, T. ghanense dan T. koningiopsis mampu menyeberangi penghadang
dan merencat pertumbuhan miselia P.
pulmonarius. Sementara itu, ujian piring terbalik menunjukkan bahawa T. ghanense dan T. reesei menindas miselia P.
pulmonarius, ini membuktikan kesan perencatan boleh berlaku tanpa
sentuhan oleh Trichoderma sp. terhadap Pleurotus sp.. Apabila diuji dengan P.
floridanus, keputusan menunjukkan hanya T.
ghanense merencat
pertumbuhan miselia dalam kedua-dua ujian Petri dwi-piring dan piring terbalik.
Kesimpulannya, kesemua sembilan species Trichoderma merencat pertumbuhan Pleurotus dalam kadar yang berbeza. Oleh itu, selain bersaing untuk nutrien dan ruang
dengan miselia cendawan, Trichoderma spp. juga menghasilkan sebatian
organik mudah meruap yang aktif walaupun tanpa interaksi fizikal.
Kata kunci: Cendawan;
kulat hijau; patogen; perencatan
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: tanyeeshin@um.edu.my
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